How Mortgage Rates are Determined
There are many variables that will determine current mortgage rates. When assessing the direction of mortgage rates and the underlying factors that determine mortgage rates, there are two main forces that help shape the interest rates. The first factor involves macroeconomic forces that impact mortgage rates and interest rates and the second is the factors that are impacting a specific mortgage loan request.
Macro economic factors that affect mortgage rates include the inflation rate, economic activity and actions by the Federal Reserve. The rate of inflation is generally one the biggest components of the overall level of interest rates. A modest rate or low level of inflation will almost always lead to low interest rates, while concerns about rising inflation normally cause interest rates and consequently mortgage rates to increase.
Economic activity contributes to the direction of interest rates with brisk activity tending to drive interest rates higher while lower economic production tends to pull rates down. The affect of economic activity is a result of the demand for loans. As loan demand increases with increased economic activity, the interest rates on loans including mortgage loans increases.
The Federal Reserve’s actions have a significant impact on short term bank rates which in turn applies pressure to all rates including longer term rates and mortgage rates over time. The Federal Reserve, implements policies and generally announces its policies which are designed to keep inflation and interest rates relatively low and stable but a number of market forces can force the Federal Reserve to raise short term rates and thus push long term rates higher as well.
Loan specific factors that influence mortgage rates include: the type of home loan, the borrower’s qualifications, the property, the fees and points paid and the mortgage rate lock period.
The type of home loan impacts the mortgage rate because some types of properties have different mortgage rates than others primarily because of historical risk analysis. Condominiums have historically had higher default rates than single family homes especially during market slowdowns and therefore are frequently priced slightly higher than single family detached homes. Multi unit properties may have higher mortgage rates for similar reasons over the risk of default and non owner occupied properties will almost always have a higher mortgage rate due to the increased risk seen by the mortgage lender.
The borrower’s profile affects the mortgage rate based on their inherent risk factors regarding their credit history and financial position. The risk factors are determined by the mortgage lenders and are generally based on quantitative figures such as the credit profile or credit score of the borrower, the down payment amount and the debt ratios of the borrower.
Clearly, a borrower with a poor credit score will have a higher mortgage rate than one with an excellent credit score due to the higher risk of default on the loan.
Similarly, a mortgage loan that was obtained with a larger down payment than one with the minimum down payment will have a lower default risk and generally receives a slightly lower mortgage rate. This is why borrowers will often seen an advertised mortgage rate and then when they apply for the loan find the rate higher if they are placing the minimum down payment to obtain the mortgage loan. Lower down payments are the equivalent to higher loan to values and higher loan to values are seen as a greater risk and will have a higher mortgage rate.
The following items will reduce risk or perceived risk to the mortgage lender and generally lead to a lower mortgage rate: higher credit score, greater equity in the house or a larger down payment, a low debt to income ratio or a better ability to pay with a low debt to income ratio.
Increased points and fees generally lead to a lower mortgage rate while lower points and fees lead to a higher mortgage rate. Mortgage rates and points or total closing costs are often a trade off. A point is equal to 1% of the loan amount. A mortgage loan for $150,000 with a rate of 5.50% and 1 point will have a minimum cost of $1,500.00 or 1% of $150,000.00, in addition to the other closing costs charged by the mortgage lender. In a case such as this, the potential borrower may have the option to pay more points, perhaps 2 points instead of 1, and have the mortgage rate reduced for the additional charge.
There may also be the option to obtain the mortgage loan without points with a slightly higher interest rate. The trade off comes down to the cost of points which are paid at the time of the loan closing versus the mortgage rate which impacts the monthly mortgage payment for the life of the loan.
The mortgage rate lock period or time frame will also impact the mortgage rate. This is the smallest of the factors that will impact the rate but it is important to understand the concept and mechanism of rate locks. The rate lock period is the length of time that the mortgage rate offered by the mortgage lender is good for. Home loan borrowers can choose to lock in a mortgage rate for a period of time that generally runs between 30 days to 90 days but can also be obtained for as long as 180 days.
Without a mortgage rate lock, the mortgage rate is floating or will change as the market changes. When a potential borrower calls a mortgage lender for a rate quote, some mortgage lenders quote short term rate locks since they offer the best rate. A short term rate lock is of little use if the mortgage loan is not going to close or fund within the rate lock time period.
If a mortgage loan request does not close and fund before the lock expires, then the borrower will end up with a mortgage rate that will be at the mercy of whatever changes may have taken place in the market. The longer the lock in period, the more expensive it is to lock. Borrowers can also choose to float their rate initially, and lock in for a shorter period of time once they are near closing date. Floating the rate may save a little money, but it is also has the risk of being stick in a rising rate environment.
In a volatile market, a mortgage shopper may call about mortgage rates at one time during the day only to find out the rate has changed later in the day when they decide on the best mortgage lender to work with. Without the mortgage loan application and the rate lock agreement, the mortgage shopper will end up with the prevailing mortgage rate at the time the application and/or rate lock agreement is executed.
Mortgage rates change by small amounts between 30 and 60 day locks, the 90 day locks and 180 day lock periods will often bring about a measurable higher rate and may even entail and upfront fee for the rate lock. Most long term locks are used for new construction where the time from loan application to loan closing may run for several months.
Home Equity Loans and Credit Reductions
A home equity line of credit is a form of revolving credit in which an existing owned home or property serves as the collateral. Because a home often is a consumer’s most valuable asset and a home equity loan or line is a mortgage recorded against the home, many homeowners use home equity credit lines only for major items, such as education, home improvements, or medical bills, and choose not to use them for day-to-day expenses.
Even though home equity loans were generally used for large expenses, they became a very common consumer loan. Many homeowners obtained home equity loans as reserve line of credit just in case a situation arose that required quick access to a large sum of money. Since the home equity line of credit is secured by the property they are a mortgage and the interest rate is measurably lower than most other consumer forms of borrowing. In addition, the interest paid is generally tax deductible. Low mortgage rates, convenience and aggressive marketing by mortgage lenders fueled the growth of this home loan product.
Part of the long term appeal of the home equity loan for some borrowers was once that borrower was approved for a home equity line of credit, they would be able to borrow up to their credit limit whenever they wanted even well into the future.
Now that property values have fallen and credit is both tight and deteriorating in quality, many mortgage lenders are cutting off access to home equity lines for their existing customers.
For many homeowners the loss of credit availability couldn’t come at worse time. With less available credit and family incomes moving lower, theses home equity lines of credit are being stripped away just when they may be needed the most. The mortgage lender generally reduces the line of credit or blocks access to additional credit to simply reduce their exposure to the risk presented by falling property values.
For those homeowners that find their mortgage lender has in fact restricted the use of their home equity loan, there are steps to try and ameliorate the inconvenience this may cause. Many mortgage lenders are approaching the issue of falling property values and reduced equity with responsibility and are prudent with their decisions to avoid slashing access to hone equity indiscriminately.
The mortgage lender that originates a home equity line of credit and subsequently changes the account must provide a written notice if they have frozen or reduced a borrowers existing home equity loan. This notice will usually include information about any other changes to the terms of the loan as well as the basis for those changes. A freeze or reduction notice on an existing home equity line of credit should include specific reasons for the action taken by the mortgage lender.
The primary reason for the equity line reductions is the fall in value of the home. The mortgage lender may provide the basis for determine the drop in property value with a contact should the borrower question the assessment.
Other than a drop in the homes value, a mortgage lender may reduce or restrict the use of an existing home equity loan due to a change in the financial circumstances of the borrower such as significant reduction in the borrower’s credit score. This may be a harder to obstacle to overcome but is worth investigating with the mortgage lender.
Understanding the mortgage lender’s reasoning may help those borrowers that want to take steps to have their credit line reinstated to its original amount. Most mortgage lenders have fair appeals procedures to handle any upcoming changes to the existing terms of a home equity line. The mortgage lender may reinstate the credit privileges when the conditions permitting the freeze or reduction no longer exist or are reasonably refuted.
The borrower may need to put in writing the request to have a home equity line of credit reinstated. Once the mortgage lender receives the written request, they must promptly investigate and determine whether the HELOC can be reinstated and the grounds on why it would not.
Qualifying for a Mortgage for the Self-Employed
Many potential home loan borrowers that are self employed believe that it is much more difficult to be approved for a new mortgage if you are self employed. While it can certainly be difficult for a self-employed buyer to qualify for a mortgage, the qualifying standards for a self employed borrower and the qualification standards for a wage earner or salaried borrower are the same.
The difficulty with the approval process is not with different underwriting standards it is simply that self employed borrowers often have irregular income and unsubstantiated savings or reserves.
It is often difficult for the self-employed individual to predict cash flow and business profits on a regular basis, making a self employed borrowers income highly variable. It is that variable income that presents the biggest obstacle.
Complicating the matter even further, in the past, mortgage lenders made a whole host of mortgage to self employed borrowers that were low and no documentation loans. A large portion of these home loans have since gone into default, casting self-employed home buyers in a negative light and making mortgage lenders hesitant top offer any home loan products with additional layers of risk available to self employed borrowers.
Self-employed borrowers must demonstrate an appropriate net income before they can obtain a home loan. This guideline is no different than it is for a wage earner applying for a home loan. Standard mortgage guidelines call for verification of a two year average of monthly income.
This is true whether the borrower is self employed or not. Sometimes automated underwriting systems will require only a one year verification of income, this may be found in some case where borrowers have very high credit scores and large down payments or savings. Conditions in which a borrower has very high credit scores or large accumulated savings is referred to as compensating factors.
Two years of consistent, verifiable income can be difficult sometimes for those that are self employed, as many self-employed business owners take a great deal tax deductions each year and deduct as many expenses as they can from their gross business revenue, lowering their tax bill but also lowering their net income. This makes it hard for self-employed borrowers to show, on paper, that their business has a high earning potential or more importantly that the average of the business income actually qualifies for a mortgage loan based on the proposed mortgage payment and other debts of the borrower.
The problem with the self employed fundamentally rests the inability to produce filed tax returns that have sufficient monthly income to qualify for the home loan request.
Self-employed borrowers will generally have to provide a great deal of documentation to the potential mortgage lender to verify their income. This is because there is more room for self-employed individuals to embellish or exaggerate figures, so everything must be documented appropriately. A wage earner has less documentation to supply since the verification process is far easier as it generally involves the most recent w-2, current pay stubs and verification in writing or verbally of present employment. Clearly, that process would yield very little relevant information for the mortgage lender on a self employed borrower. In addition to standard loan paperwork, a self-employed borrower may also be required to provide the following:
Two years personal income tax returns
Two years of business income tax returns
A profit and loss statement
The following calculations are used by mortgage lenders to calculate the income of self-employed applicants – the applicant’s net income for the past two years based on the filed tax returns plus depreciation declared from the business. This gives a monthly average income that can be used to qualify for a home loan. Year to date income is measured but almost always ignored for qualification purposes as it can not be adequately verified. Expenses paid out of the business are not added back in to help increase the income, declared net income plus depreciation is the standard rule for calculating self employed borrower’s income.
If self-employed borrowers experience a great deal of difficulty when qualifying for a loan, they may consider alternative financing options other than a fully documented loan. One such option is stated income. These home loans have been sharply curtailed recently and are reserved for borrowers with excellent credit and substantial equity. Alternative documentation loans are suffering the same fate, however there are still programs available that allow alternatives such as the use of bank statements which add up the last 12 months of deposits to calculate an average monthly income.
Other options may include the compensating factors. A borrower who has limited income and therefore a high debt ratio may be able to qualify for a mortgage loan with a large down payment or large reserves after the down payment. In addition, have exceptional credit scores and limited debt outstanding will also help grease the wheels for a home loan approval.
The last resort may be seller financing. Sellers may require some credit checks, but may not require such extensive paperwork to verify income. The terms almost certainly will be less generous as well.
Though the paperwork for the self employed borrower may be more burdensome, if the income is consistent and the appropriate tax returns are used, there should be very little problems qualifying for all mortgage loan types. To check the possibility of qualifying for a home loan, a mortgage calculator can used to first calculate a two year average of monthly income and then the qualifying mortgage debt ratios. The mortgage calculator can be used to check debt ratios for a variety of home loans to see how well a borrower may meet the standard underwriting guidelines.
Home loans to purchase a property or for a mortgage refinance will have the same income qualification requirements for the self employed borrower. Good documentation is the key to a fast and painless home loan approval.
Mortgages and Being a Successful Landlord
If you are ambitious, energetic, smart, and have some money and good credit, owning a rental property might seem like a great idea, but you also need a wide tolerance for the many things that can go wrong. The challenges are always there, especially if you are taking the hands on approach to property management.
There are also many legal and logistical hurdles, and you need the right accountant and lawyer to make sure you are on the right path. There’s a lot of work involved in being a landlord, and if you don’t do it right, you can end up losing money.
Mortgage loans used to acquire property for rent have a higher standard than other mortgage loans. Home mortgages for rental properties will require a larger down payment and entail a slightly higher mortgage rate.
Mortgage lenders view rentals properties or non owner occupied properties as home loans that entail a much greater level of risk. Since the risk is higher for the mortgage lender the standards to become approved for a mortgage that is used to purchase a non owner occupied property is more rigorous.
The starting point of the tighter lending standards is a larger down payment than there is on a standard owner occupied home loan. On top of that requirement, the mortgage rate will normally be at least ½ of a percent higher. The closing costs may be higher as well since non owner occupied purchases usually require more discount points by the mortgage lender. The remainder of the closing costs should be similar, only the points will be greater. Since must all home loans are initially evaluated using an automated underwriting model, potential borrowers will find that these models generally require a slighter higher credit history or credit score than the models used for owner occupied properties.
It may be useful to compare mortgage rates and mortgage costs with a mortgage calculator to see just how much the monthly mortgage payments will be as well as the true cost of t a new home loan to purchase a rental property.
Here’s a quick run-down of what every landlord needs to know regarding conditions that are not specific to the mortgage lenders.
Take care of the record keeping aspects of running your business. Open a bank account for the property and run all bills and rental income through that account. This will simplify your paperwork come tax time.
Finding good tenants will at times be the most time-consuming part of your business. It’s tempting to rent to friends, friends of friends, or relatives, and that can become complicated, especially if you are a bit of a soft touch and are the type of person who is willing to help folks out. This isn’t the place for that.
Think of a tenant as a kind of business partner, someone you can rely on to do their part. Check their references (speak with their previous landlords), pull their credit report and consider running a background check. The National Tenant Network and Registry SafeRent sell credit reports from the three major credit bureaus (Experian, Equifax and TransUnion), as well as more in-depth tenant reports including an eviction judgment check, a criminal report, and verification of employment and landlord references. A modest investment can get you very useful information.
Beyond that, manage your tenants professionally. Don’t become too personally involved. Cleaning up messes in a tenant relationship can be costly, time consuming, and maddening. Be firm but fair with them and they will respect you. Be tough and strong willed, and demand that they meet their obligations.
The building itself can be trouble too, hopefully not but be prepared. If you can’t or won’t pay someone else to repair problems or do standard maintenance, you’ll get used to calls from tenants at all hours complaining of pests, broken pipes, clogged bathtubs, exposed electric wires and other common problems. You need to be handy, or be willing to pay someone who is. A reliable handyman or woman is your best friend.
You should also be aware of your rights as a landlord. Normal wear and tear is something you have to pay for, but you shouldn’t have to pay for deliberate or extremely negligent damage.
You always must be prepared for the worst because even in the best of situations you will have tough days. Talk to other landlords, or join a local landlords group. People with experience have a lot of good advice to go along with some horror stories. Some will recommend that you budget for only ten or eleven months rent to cover eventual late rent or vacancies. Others will make you aware of federal and local laws that protect the rights of tenants. Here are some of the common issues that landlords must pay attention to.
Discrimination
Make sure you have legal reasons to reject an applicant, or you risk getting sued for discrimination. For example, you can’t reject an applicant solely on the basis of his or her race, color, religion, national origin, family status, gender, disability or handicap. You are allowed to refuse renting to tenants with pets or applicants who have previous bankruptcy filings, insufficient income, or lack positive references from previous landlords.
Steering
Steering is encouraging a potential tenant to take one apartment over another. Landlords can easily do this even if their intention is innocent. A landlord who says to a single mother with a teenage daughter, ‘You should take the upstairs unit or the unit in the back’: that’s called steering and it’s illegal. The landlord may have had the best of intentions but under federal and state law he or she has to allow the tenant to choose the unit they want among those that are available.
Security Deposits
One of the most common cases handled in small claims court is a landlord-tenant dispute over a security deposit. Have a clear written agreement that spells out how the security deposit works, and make sure that you are following the law. Some states limit the amount of the deposit you can collect or require you to hold it in a separate account that accrues interest. Generally, landlords can use the deposit for unpaid rent and repairs that are beyond normal wear and tear, but there may be additional state-specific limitations.
Insurance
Whether you rent out a single-family home to one tenant or an entire building with dozens of apartments, you need separate homeowners insurance for your rental properties. This type of insurance can be expensive and you should understand the costs before investing. The more units you rent and the more people there are, the more risk you have, and insurance companies will make you pay for that.
In today’s litigious climate, make sure you have enough liability coverage. If your tenant’s dog bites your neighbor’s child, they’re most likely to go after the tenant but if there’s some negligence on your part they may go after you.
Professional Management
If your finances allow it, property-management companies can do most of the heavy lifting for you. They market the property, maintain it, screen tenants, collect rent, pay the bills, prepare financial statements for you and keep up with the fair housing laws. Management company fees can be up to 10% of the rental income. If you live far from the rental property), for example, you may need a management company to run your business. You might also be better off with professional help if you aren’t especially handy or if you find that being a landlord is taking you away from your job or personal life.
Getting your business off the ground will involve some paperwork other than handling the mortgage lenders requirements. Some states require that you get a business license for your property in order to rent it out. First-time landlords should consult with a real estate attorney and a certified public accountant (CPA) before getting started. A CPA can help you figure out how much rent you should charge in order to make your business profitable, while an attorney can be priceless as you learn the intricacies of the fair housing laws, among other legal issues.
Home Mortgages and the 4 C’s of Lending
All you need to do to make sure you have a better success rate in getting your home loan application approved at the terms you want is education and preparation regarding the process the lenders go through to approve your request. When evaluating your request for a mortgage loan, a mortgage lender will assess the application you have filled out with the supporting documents you have submitted. This process is referred to as underwriting the home loan. During this stage, the mortgage lender investigates the integrity of the data and evaluates the risks in order to qualify the applicant.
The home loan application is a summary of your assets, credit and income position at this particular point in time. It does not measure your character nor does it measure potential future changes such as potential employment changes or debts that maybe incurred or satisfied.
In order to evaluate your present position the mortgage lender will review your financial position, take inventory of your assets, income and credit profile. This procedure is accomplished by verifying your employment, verifying the funds you have on deposit with financial institutions, verifying the equity in the home by appraising the property, reviewing your debts outstanding and analyzing your credit history. This process has become highly automated with computer modeling and approvals but the underlying process is basically the same.
These criteria that are evaluated were once referred to as being the four C’s of lending or collateral, capacity, credit, and character.
Collateral - Collateral is a measure of the value, condition and marketability of the property. The mortgage lender will order an appraisal to determine the market value of your home. From here the loan to value or equity position in the property is determined. Loan to value is the ratio of loan amount to the appraised value. If the borrower is agreeing to down payment of $10,000.00 on a $200,000.00 home, the loan to value will 95%. This formula works on the refinance as well. If a borrower wishes to refinance an amount of $100,000.00 on a $200,000.00 home, the loan to value will be 50%. Loan to value (LTV) and the appraisal are the biggest factors in measuring collateral. Lower loan to values leave more equity in the property and is inherently less risky for the mortgage lender since it not only cushions the mortgage lenders risk but leaves more at stake for the borrower.
Capacity - Capacity is short for capacity to pay. In regards to mortgage qualifications the capacity to pay is measured by housing and debt ratios. The mortgage lender will ascertain the borrower’s gross monthly income first. The new housing payment on the mortgage requested is calculated as well as a summary of all contractual debt payments. Capacity is then measure by dividing the monthly mortgage payment by the gross monthly income to obtain the housing ratio and then dividing all contractual debt payments by the gross monthly income to get the total debt ratio. For example, if the total obligations of the borrower were $1,400 ($1,000 for housing expenses and $400 for other credit obligations), the housing ratio would be 25% ($1,000/$4,000 = 25%) and the debt ratio would be 35% ($1,400/$4,000 = 35%). Lower housing and debts imply greater capacity to pay a home loan back and hence lower risk.
Credit - Credit is evaluated by reviewing the credit report and the credit score. With the use of credit scoring, credit evaluation has become one of the simplest attributes of a loan request to measure. The credit is broken into three primary categories. Mortgage lenders will use credit scores, known as FICO scores, to determine the overall credit risk of the home loan borrower. From here a review of the public records such as, tax liens, bankruptcy filings, and judgments will be assessed. Finally, the individual accounts or trade lines in the credit report will be reviewed for delinquency, credit amounts, depth and length of time on accounts. Generally speaking, the higher the credit score the better the credit risk.
Character - Character is a qualitative measure of a borrower’s stability, integrity and honesty. Measuring character was mostly a measure of a borrower’s commitment to their credit and the new debt they intend to take on. Character may be classified as a measure of responsibilities with the loan commitment. Since mortgage lending and underwriting is almost entirely based on quantitative analysis, character is predominantly ignored. Since it is difficult to evaluate the risk and to even measure a borrowers character, in residential mortgage lending this gauge is rarely used.
Qualification for most mortgage loans and the mortgage rate a lender will charge depends on these three main factors. Understanding the basic guidelines and having knowledge of what a mortgage lender looks for in analyzing your loan request will make your mortgage application and homeownership experience and far smoother and less nerve racking experience.
A New Mortgage Loan, Is It Time To Buy a Home
If you’ve wavering between buying and renting, there is more than the pride of ownership to consider. Buying a home comes with additional costs, but it also has many more perks than renting. Even with the possible financial advantages of homeownership over renting, if you’re beginning to itch to buy your own home be sure you’re truly ready.
A home should be first viewed as a place to live, it can also be considered an asset for future plans, an investment in a community and possibly and financial asset as well. This unquestionably does not mean the house buying is one big bonanza.
Renting allows an individual or family the ability to be generally free of most maintenance responsibilities that would come with a home. By renting you do lose the chance to build equity, by property appreciation and mortgage balance reduction, take advantage of tax benefits, and protect yourself against the inconvenience of rent increases.
For first time home buyers, purchasing a new home can be overwhelming and comes with the uncomfortable process of obtaining financing or getting a home loan. Unfortunately, the home loan process is simply overly complicated because of the confusing expressions and rules in the mortgage lending industry. A few steps taken in advance to prepare for the home purchase can go a long way to facilitating the purchase and mortgage loan transaction.
Given the asset value, stability of payments, freedom, stability, and security of owning a home, potential new buyers have to consider whether they are prepared to make the leap into a new home and new home loan.
You Have the Down Payment
The first step to decide if you can buy a home is not the monthly costs. It is the initial costs of a home. If you can afford a true down payment on a home including closing costs and possible points, it most likely makes sense for you to buy. Home owners get serious tax breaks, but that tax break will be lost if you’re paying a penalty for not having an adequate down payment or are struggling with a subprime mortgage that is too much for your income to bear.
Save at least five percent of the home’s value before purchasing and push for up to 20 percent. In addition to having immediate home equity, you’ll also find that your mortgage loan options are much more attractive without trying to find loans which require low down payments that will also require higher credit scores and mortgage insurance. The exception would be loans for qualified veterans and FHA loans which are subsidized by the government.
Can You Afford It Long Term
A home is an excellent investment, but the bulk of homes are an investment that should be considered over the long-term. Despite television shows to the contrary, flipping a home or selling it after a few well chosen modifications, is often not a lucrative option in the majority of housing markets. Invest your money first is proper securities and market options.
With this sort of investment you are able to access your money quickly in case of emergency. By tying up all of your money in your home and a home loan, you will have to take out a new mortagge loan or sell your home, which can take months, to access funds should a financial crisis arise. And as recent markets have shown, home values can go down as well as up.
You must also consider your income in the long-term. If you’re stretching to meet your monthly mortgage payments, but know that you’ll need a new car in a year or less, buying a home may not be a wise use of your money. Either invest in a smaller, more affordable home, with a smaller mortgage loan or continue renting until your income rises to the level you need to afford the sort of home you’d prefer.
There is a tremendous array of mortgages available today, but all of the varieties fall into two main categories, fixed rate mortgage loans and adjustable rate mortgages - all carry quite long repayment terms.
You Have Done Your Homework
Arranging financing on a home is likely one of your first steps in buying. Begin working with a bank to arrange a prequalification or preapproval which is an estimated amount of financing before making any offers on a home. This will facilitate the sale and make the sale itself much cleaner and faster. To arrange mortgage loan financing, anticipate 6-8 weeks for the complete home loan underwriting process and closing. Home loan preapproval takes far less time, however.
Knowledge is the key to successful homeownership with regards to the dwelling as well the home loan used to secure the purchase. To become a first time homebuyer, it’s important to know where and how to begin the home buying process.
Evaluate whether you have a steady source of income to handle the monthly mortgage payment. Investigate your credit report to see that you have a good credit record and credit score. Look at your outstanding debts as wells, looking especially close at outstanding long-term debts, like car payments. Review your monthly budget to be prepared for the mortgage payment, mortgage loan costs, moving and ongoing expenses such as home maintenance and repair.
Consider Whether You Have Time
Another major consideration for homeownership is that you have the time to deal with the upkeep of that house itself. When will you mow the yard and repair any little problems that arise? Renting makes these little tasks other people’s problems. You can hire a cleaning or lawn service, but you still must be around enough to facilitate any workers in or around your home.
Examine Potential Homes Thoroughly
When it’s time to begin actively searching for a new home, look at all manners of homes within your price range. Travel the area where you’ll be moving and consider various locations and neighborhoods. As you view each house, try to minimize the emotional response, although that is important, and instead work through your checklist. In addition to the features you’ve listed, you should also be comparing each home on the basis of cost, convenience, condition, and capacity. When you compare homes on a logical basis, it will soon be evident which home is the best investment for you and your family.
You’re Staying Put
If you move constantly or have a career that takes you far from home on a regular basis, you may be better off renting a while longer. Owning a home means putting down roots in a particular community. You’ll be paying for the upkeep of the neighborhood as well as school taxes. You will be paying a monthly mortgage payment that requires timely payments. Your children will be friends with other kids nearby and you may enjoy getting to know your neighbors at backyard grills or such.
If you’re constantly moving around the country or even the globe, owning a home may be a commitment you’re not willing to endure. You’ll be responsible for the home’s upkeep even while traveling and selling a home after a short-term will likely cost you far more than you’ve made in equity.
Follow the boy scouts motto and be prepared before you decide the time is right to buy a new home and obtain a new mortgage.
Q. If I am concerned about getting approved for a mortgage loan, what should I do?
A. Of course, the first answer is to do your research. The number one way to help the mortgage loan approval process is to be prepared and understand how the mortgage loan process unfolds.
This may sound too simplified, but with the creation of credit scores and automated underwriting, the home loan approval process is based on the analysis of a series of numbers. Numbers such as, the amount of the down payment, the loan to value ratio, the borrower’s credit scores, debt to income ratios and more are all quantified and evaluated to come up with home loan approval or denial.
What is not included is subjective analysis. Number based assessments help to eliminate discrimination since color and race is not part of the input process. But, numbers can also hurt those borrowers that fell on tough times and are now putting their financial house in order. The mortgage loan approval and application is based on your debts, income, assets and credit at a point in time. Another words, you are approved or denied for a home loan based on your credit and income and other figures today, not where you will be tomorrow.
Mortgage lenders use an automated underwriting program, usually the one’s established by either FNMA of FHLMC, and input data about your current financial situation including your credit, income, debts and assets into these systems. Taking all the necessary information, the mortgage lender determines mortgage affordability. The key to any one individuals loan approval is be prepared and have the prettiest set of numbers for the mortgage lender to input in the automated underwriting system.
One of the most important numbers input or evaluated by the automated underwriting program is the borrower’s credit score. The credit score is one of the primary indicators of your ability to repay the mortgage loan, so it’s a good idea to know it before you apply with a mortgage lender. For the most part, if your score is above 760 you can expect to get the best mortgage rate a mortgage lender has to offer; if your score is below 660 you may have trouble getting approved until you improve your credit and credit score. You can obtain a free copy of your credit report annually at www.annualcreditreport.com.
Debt ratios are another key number quantified by the mortgage lender. Debt ratios are simply a measure of affordability. Debt ratios are measurements of affordability expressed as the percent of a borrowers income used to pay for debt. Mortgage lenders want to make sure a borrower’s monthly mortgage payment does not exceed 28 percent of their income before taxes. The mortgage lender will also look to see that total monthly debt payments including the mortgage payment, car payments and credit cards doesn’t exceed 36 percent of total gross monthly income. These two debt ratios are referred to as the front end and back end ratios in the mortgage industry.
Do the math calculations on your own with one of the mortgage calculators to see how your debt ratios stack up against these guidelines. The web site, www.selectcalculators.com is great site for mortgage calculators. If your proposed housing expenses or monthly mortgage payment is greater than 28% and total debt payments, car loan, student loans and other loans, is greater than 36 percent of your gross income, you may have trouble qualifying for new home loan. In tight situations, you may want to see is if there is a way to reduce some of those monthly debt payments before you apply for a home loan.
The down payment, assets and loan to value are all related measurements. The loan to value measure the loan amount in relation to the value of the home. An 80% loan to value mortgage equates to a home loan that 80% of the home’s value. For a purchase transaction, which would mean the borrower is putting 20% down or a 20% down payment.
The assets the mortgage lender is evaluating are the funds held by the borrower needed to cover that down payment, closing costs and reserves. The reserves are a measure of funds left over after paying for down payment and closing costs as a cushion or safety net. At least two months reserves will be mandatory. This is defined as two months worth of monthly mortgage payments. More reserves will make the home loan approval easier. Once again, the mortgage calculator and a look at your own finances can tell you where your loan to value will be as well as the number of months of monthly mortgage payments you have in reserve.
All of these numbers, debt ratios, credit scores and loan to value are evaluated by the mortgage lender via the automated underwriting program. The better any of the numbers are the easier the home loan approval process will be. Really high credit scores will be approved with less paperwork than lower scores. Larger down payments are processed faster. Low debt ratios will facilitate the approval process as well.
In a perfect world you want to save for a large down payment, improve your credit score and lower your debt-to-income ratio. But, in light of that, you may simply want to know where your weak spots are regarding these factors and see what you can do to improve on them before you apply for new mortgage loan. This is a good rule whether you are applying for a purchase or a mortgage refinance.